Rural Economic Development by Dravidian Governance Model in Tamilnadu.
Sudhakar Ganesan , 11-Sep-2020
In this video in an event back in February 2020, Prominent Economist Dr Jayaranjan has spoken in detail about the change and progress happened in Tamilnadu rural economy since 1960s until now. He detailed about various schemes, acts, programme which led to this remarkable change.
This blog is just an attempt to find the sources for the claims, ideological backing and evidence.
Acts, Schemes and Programmes
First act he refers as amendment to Tamil Nadu Inam Estates, Lease — holds and Minor Inams (Abolition and Conversion into. Ryotwari) Amendment Act, 1963. 1963 was original act by Kamarajar , Congress but toothless to an extent as he says
TN Inam Estates (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Amendment Act , 1969
TN Minor Inams (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Amendment Act, of 1971
Tamil Nadu Inam Estates, Lease — holds and Minor Inams (Abolition and Conversion into. Ryotwari) Amendment Act, 1975
The Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Reduction of Ceiling on Land) Act, 1970 amended
Tamil Nadu Land Reforms (Fixation of Ceiling on Land) Act, 1961
Gudalur Janmam Estates (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) of 1969 All these were passed by @kalaignar89
The Tamil Nadu Board of Revenue Abolition Act, 1980 passed by MGR to abolish hereditary village heads ( கணக்குப்பிளை). and created TNPSC appointed VAOs TNPSC was formed earlier in the decade 1970 by Karunanidhi
Tamil Nadu Agricultural Lands Record of Tenancy Rights Act, 1969 (Tamil Nadu Act 10 of 1969), provides for the preparation and maintenance of record of tenancy rights in respect of agricultural lands in the State. This is also by
Tamil Nadu Civil Supplies Corporation initiated distribution and increased to better reach with PDS by @kalaignar89 and to the village with 4 km distance by MGR.
Caste composition of public service employees using reservation changed much during 1970s and tagging employees from the provisional power of Panchayat union chairman to create new departments to enable it as transferable jobs. Thus broke the village backbone of power structure.
Rice with subsidized rates and then 2rs kg to 1 rs kg by Karunanidhi and free 20kg rice by Jayalalitha unleashed and relieved people in the rural villages. They are no more dependent on landlords for jobs or rice to live a daily life. This increased the possibility of better pay
Now they bargain the salary / pay from farming landlords which is why they started foul cry about people are not interested to work , started boozing with TASMAC etc.. people were capped to bind by the village and now relieved. They started going to jobs outside their village
Road , transport access , small vehicles help them to go to near by smaller towns, cities for job. As per analysis its only 30% of income of a farming labour is coming from farming related works.
Replacement fertility rate(1.6) of tamil nadu also going down while comparing against India (2.7) hence population explosion is controlled. GER to higher education is nearing 50% while India is around 23%.
TN Govt used the scenario post 1991 but not fully submitted them to Corporates and looked upon certain things to favour us is one of the point he makes.
Ideological backing
Industrialization is the soundest remedy of all the ills and agricultural problems of India. Dr Ambedkar , Small Holdings in India. It was published in the Journal of the Indian Economic Society (1918, volume 1).
Dr’s main concern then was surplus labour and resultant superfluous employment in agriculture scarcity of capital goods culminating in low agricultural productivity and slow generation of surplus ultimately affecting adversely the process of overall economic growth.
In this context Dr suggested that speedy Industrialization was soundest remedy for all the ills of Indian agriculture. His view on India’s agrarian problem proved not only to be prophetic, but reflect his Inflicting commitment to democracy based on Liberty & Equality as well.
Anna spoke of something similar in 1968 after his return from US and Japan. I think this has been taken forward much better in tamilnadu than any other states if you compare UP and TN were of same condition and GDP to Labour participation of Agri.
Anna triggered the reforms and work for rural development and next 5 decades it was the agenda.
Agriculture labour participation rate had major fall since 90s to 2011–2012. Tamilnadu — 45% India 56% by 2011. Tamilnadu possibly by 39–40% India 50% by 2019. GDP contribution towards Agri stands by 13% from TN.
80% was the agri labour participation rate in TN during 1967. This is to understand the significant effort went behind.
My opinion
Now problem is generating jobs for the new students coming out of colleges, retaining state rights, environment production, redefining welfare policies to progress. This is where current ADMK govt spoils the game, dragging us down with total submission to Indian Union.
